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Anatomy & Physiology - Essential Study Partner
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Anatomy & Physiology ESP 2.iso
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00265_Field_ABM3S6F TEXT.txt
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1999-11-09
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Carbon Dioxide Transport and Chloride Movement
(a) In tissues, carbon dioxide enters
erythrocytes and reacts with
water to form carbonic acid,
which dissociates to form
bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
In the chloride shift,
bicarbonate ions are
exchanged for chloride ions.
Hydrogen ions combine with
hemoglobin. Lowering the
concentration of bicarbonate and
hydrogen ions inside
erythrocytes promotes the
conversion of carbon
dioxide to bicarbonate ions.
(b) In the lungs, carbon dioxide
leaves erythrocytes, resulting in
the formation of additional
carbon dioxide from carbonic
acid. Bicarbonate and
hydrogen ions combine to
replace the carbonic acid. The
bicarbonate ions are
exchanged for chloride ions,
and the hydrogen ions are
released from hemoglobin.